Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoking Research Paper - 1100 Words

Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoking (Research Paper Sample) Content: Criminal JusticeName:Institution:Criminal JusticeThe major concern in the health sector has been the Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoking, Drugs, Alcohol and HIV. Use of alcohol, drugs, and other substance abuse is on the rise and the mothers are not spared either. Moreover, the prevalence of the epidemic, AIDS is on the rise making prenatal exposure the scourge irresistible. Such exposures have serious effects to the unborn. The exposure to these substance and conditions have immense negative impacts that ranges from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), infant mortality rate, miscarriages, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) (Meade, 2007). Smoking Smoking has serious effects to mothers during pregnancy. Some of the major adverse effect of smoking is that it causes miscarriages, low birth weight babies, and premature labor. Research shows that cigarettes restrict the supply of oxygen to a critical part known as neonate leading to suppressed growt h. In fact, the situation gets worse when the mother smokes Shisha since one pipe of the substance is equivalent to up to 7-10 Cigarettes (Meade, 2007). Consequently, constant smoking of shisha can results to worse effects such as stillbirth, and suppressed development of the child. Moreover, smoking during pregnancy has the capacity to expose the child hyperactivity or inattention. Such a condition is not good for the development of the child since it can lead to poor learning outcome in school. Besides, it can also result to a reduced acquisition of necessary skills and knowledge in a given profession. Cocaine Cocaine, which is popularly known as crack, flake, or coke, is a stimulant that affects the central nervous system. The drug leads to several effects such as hyperactivity, talkativeness decreased confidence, unrealistic sense of euphoria, and depression. Moreover, coke also has serious impact to the unborn. In fact, it leads to suppressed growth, impedes the development of the nervous system, and premature birth (Cnattingius, 2004). In addition, it leads to increased cases of babies with deformities. For instance, most children exposed to cocaine while in the womb end up with small heads that might compromise their learning in future. Prenatal exposure to cocaine can also give rise to children with increased irritability, and excessive crying. The development of the children exposed to cocaine may be difficult; they could end up with inattention and language delays as well as difficulty in catching sleep. Heroin Heroin is a popular drug that goes by several street names such as brown, skag, horse, and smack. The drug is derived from opium and is highly addictive among the users. It is widely known for causing serious slowdown of the functioning of the body. Furthermore, it leads to a feeling of low psychological and physical pain, makes one feel sleep, and relaxed. It is important to take note that when this drug is taken in large quantities it lea ds to coma, breathing issues, hepatitis A and B. The users of this drug are highly susceptible to HIV since they share needles that are used to inject the drug into the body through the veins (Meade, 2007). Consequently, a fetus exposed to heroin is likely to experience premature birth, exposure to HIV, hypertonia, pulmonary aspiration, seizures associated with abstinence, and voracious appetite. The sharing of needles among the users of heroin exposes them to serious diseases such as syphilis, hepatitis, and HIV, which could be easily passed to the unborn if the condition, is not contained in good time. Such children therefore require proper treatment at birth for them to survive to celebrate their first birthday. CannabisCannabis is a popular drug that is smoked across the globe. It is legal in some countries and illegal in others. It goes by the street name skunk, pot, ganja, or hag. The drug has serious ramifications on the users that include paranoia, distorted coordination, slowed reactions, and feeling of relaxation (Cnattingius, 2004). Other adverse effects that are associated with the use of the drug include metal conditions such as schizophrenia, lack of concentration and lack of motivation. Research suggest that pregnant mothers who use marijuana are likely to experience still birth, low eight children, as well as development effects on the babies. Children exposed to cannabis sativa are likely to develop mental conditions such as schizophrenia that might affect their learning and development in future. However, when used to moderate levels it does not have serious impact on the unborn or the mother. On the contrary, it can be of medicinal value because it suppresses certain forms of cancer that are prevalent among the women. HIV HIV is prevalent in the society and it is one the leading causes of high infant mortality rates. Prenatal exposure to HIV aids makes the unborn highly susceptible to the condition through exchange of fluids and at birth. When a child contract HIV, they develop weak immune system that implies that they are likely to contract any diseases (Cnattingius, 2004). As a result, most of these children do not live to celebrate their first birthday. HIV has no cure yet, hence the best w...

The Influence Of Booker T. Washington - 1497 Words

The influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois have had on the advancement of the African American community in the United States cannot be measured only by looking at the effects they had in their community at that time but by looking at the long term impacts they had on ideas, and policies. The means that the Washington and DuBois both express are both influenced by where they are originally from and how they grew up. With one growing up as a slave and the other growing up not a slave changes the perception that they might have on how to approach their race problems. I will be mainly focusing on the African American community and the way that Washington and DuBois believe the problem of civil rights should be solved. The tenants†¦show more content†¦Washington says later on in his speech â€Å"No race that has anything to contribute to the markets of-the world is long in any degree ostracized.† (Cite this) This is saying that to further their rights, people must first make themselves valuable to the society that they would like to be a part of. W. E. Burghardt Du Bois was an African American activist, historian and sociologist who was born in Massachusetts (DuBois Bibliography Pg.2) He was educated at Fisk University and in Germany and subsequently received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1895. (DuBois Bibliography Pg.1) He worked at Atlanta University and the NAACP where he was the editor of its magazine. DuBois has a very different idea on how to advance the African American community. DuBois believes that â€Å"The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men.† (DuBois Pg.1) DuBois believes that to advance the Black agenda,Show MoreRelated Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois Influences on Equality594 Words   |  3 PagesBooker T. Washington once said, â€Å"Nothing ever comes to one, that is worth having, except as a result of hard work.† In the age of reconstruction and western expansion, civil rights bursted out like a bullet from a gun. Two men led the way into the civil rig hts movement, but in very different customs. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois both were huge influences to civil rights, one founding what we know today as the NAACP and the other spoke of a philosophy known as the Atlanta CompromiseRead More The Influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois on the Writings from the Harlem Renaissance2140 Words   |  9 PagesThe Influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois on the Writings from the Harlem Renaissance Two of the most influential people in shaping the social and political agenda of African Americans were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois, both early twentieth century writers. While many of their goals were the same, the two men approached the problems facing African Americans in very different ways. This page is designed to show how these two distinct thinkers and writers shaped one movementRead MoreAnalysis Of The Atlanta Compromise Speech1112 Words   |  5 Pagesaffected many of the black society, including Booker T. Washington. He was a major contributor to the end of segregation, and in 1895, he delivered the Atlanta Compromise Speech. He believed that with the hard work of the blacks, that they would earn and gain the respect of the esteemed whites. The main idea of The Atlanta Compromise Speech was that blacks should obtain social responsibility and need to work from the bottom to top to achieve this. Booker T. Washington’s speech was given to persuadeRead MoreT hree Dimensional Materials, Processes and Tools759 Words   |  4 Pagesof sculpture. This sculpture is made out of glass with measurements of 8x5 feet. Drip, Drop Plop utilized the molding process to shape a glass into sperm-shaped black drops and some were even accented with cartoony human eyes that suggested the influence of Wilsons childhood experiences. Meanwhile, the â€Å"glass drip forms suggested black tears and liquid black flesh† while the addition of the eyes emphasized that these were not mere black objects but they serve as â€Å"a metaphor for human degradationRead MoreThe Negro And Signs Of Civilization1188 Words   |  5 Pagesultimately lead to the Civil Rights movement and the end of racial segregation. The Civil Rights movement dealt with problems of inequality and disenfranchisement of African Americans that began in the post-civil war era. W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington are considered by historians, two of the prominent leaders of the black co mmunity in the late 19th and early 20th century who sought inclusion and equality through social and economic progress. While their end goals were the same, the meansRead MoreBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois and John Hope Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pageswhite and black populations. Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois and John Hope all attempted to conquer these tough issues based on their own experience and cultural influences by sharing their opinions. A well-respected African American leader named Booker T. Washington gave a speech that would be later named the Atlanta Compromise at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta on September 18, 1895 (Booker T. Washington Biography). Booker T. Washington was born in to slavery andRead MoreBooker T. Washington Vs. Theu.s. B. Dubois : The Discussion Of Conformity910 Words   |  4 PagesBooker T. Washington vs W.E.B. Dubois: the discussion of conformity At the early turn of the 20th Century United States, there was a large debate about how the average American viewed African Americans or Negroes. As a result, white consensus geared toward putting Africans in a type of caste system, where they would consider below whites, women, and immigrants. By this point, most African Americans were just conforming to this way of life and did not seek to change this. While this occurred, manyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Of Mr. Booker T. Washington1086 Words   |  5 Pagesactivists are W.E.B Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, both whom were the voices for African Americans. Although, both great leaders, they did not always agree completely, often butting heads over the others ideals. Booker T. Washington was a young African American man living in the south, during the civil rights era. Washington, being the last generation of slaves, became the voice of past slaves and the African American people. W.E.B Du Bois, although conflicting with Washington often, spoke of him inRead More Booker T. Washington Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagesthe views of Booker T. Washington nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born a slave, Booker T. Washington rose to become a commonly recognized leader of the Negro race in America. Washington continually strove to be successful and to show other black men and women how they too could raise themselves. Washingtonamp;#8217;s method of uplifting was education of the head, the hand, and the heart. From his founding of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 to his death in 1915 Booker T. Washington exerted a tremendousRead More Booker T. Washingtons Up from Slavery Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pages The book, Up From Slavery, written by Booker Taliaferro Washington, profoundly touched me when I read it. Washington overcame many obstacles throughout his life. He became perhaps the most prominent black leader of his time. Booker T. Washington belived that African Americans could gain equality by improving their economic situation through education rather than by demanding equal rights. Washington’s life story was told during the mid to late 1800’s into the early 1900’s, in the

Drug Addiction Tearing Families Apart - 2986 Words

Jaclyn O’Grady Ms.Collins College English 12 (8) June 3, 2015 Drug Addiction: Tearing Families Apart The substance abuse of a parent has a lasting and apparent effect on all young children. There are a number of substances that can become a problem in people’s lives, including but not limited to; marijuana, alcohol, stimulants, depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens and inhalants. Drugs critically affect the individual taking them, but also affect the members of the household, especially children. Not only does the person’s addiction emotionally, mentally, and physically affect the individual lives of other members of the family, but it tears apart relationships between the families. Arguments, disagreements, violence, and stress can derive from the abuse of drugs because of the tension it puts on one’s other members of the family. It is possible for alcohol and drugs to be utilized medically or accepted in social situations. The use of drugs and alcohol is not necessarily considered addiction or abuse. Experimentation is trying alcohol or drugs out of curiosity or peer pressure. If you use drugs in this manner, experimentation may not become problematic for an individual. Social and recreational use of a drug happens mostly with alcohol and marijuana. Use is widely accepted, except for marijuana, which is illegal. Many people can manage drinking solely at social occasions which does not constitute substance abuse or addiction. Drinking or using drugs as a stress reliefShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Teen Drug Abuse. Many Teenagers Across The Country898 Words   |  4 Pages Effects Of Teen Drug Abuse Many teenagers across the country experiment with drugs. While most of them only do it once or twice, other teenagers or young adults create lifelong addictions. 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My grandmother would never abuse drugs, so why was the bottle empty already? I asked her about the medication and she told me that she was taking up to eight pills a day. She had misinterpreted the instructions and was taking twice the maximum allowed per day and had become dependent on the drugs unknowingly. The abuse of painkillers is becoming an all too familiar problem throughout the country, and the results are tearing people apart. The abuse does not discriminate. People from

Where the Mind Is Without Fear free essay sample

The poem below is a masterpiece it beautifully captures foundational principles that any nation should adopt or a concise description of what the constitution of any country should look like. We will write a custom essay sample on Where the Mind Is Without Fear or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was written by Nobel prize winner Rabindranath Tagore, before Indias independence. A must-read for any senator, politician, public servant, or any dutiful citizen. Where the mind is without fear And the head is held high Where knowledge is free Where the world has not been broken up Into fragments by narrow domestic walls Where words come out from the depth of truth Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit Where the mind is led forward by thee Into ever-widening thought and action Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake Summary: The poem describes Tagores vision of how his country could offer a heavenly experience to its citizens, or what a free country should look like. In his iew, it would be a country where, * people can express their views freely without fear of repercussions, * people share and spread knowledge freely, * people are open minded and willing to listen to each others perspectives, * people are true to each other, value their integrity, and honest in their dealings, people work hard and strive for perfection in quality, * people are driven by reasoning and scientific temper, instead of fallacies, hypocricies, or ideologies. people are open to change and dont succumb to nertia or continue age-old orthodox customs and practices that do not meaningfully apply anymore, * people are progressive, think of bigger goals and accomplish them, constantly raising the bar. When such a vision is accomplished, such a country would be free, and a heaven to live in. Easily said, than done? Not quite, there are countries that have woken up to much of Tagores vision. Ironically, India hasnt woken up yet, but not in deep slumber either lets hope the da wn is soon. Where the Mind Is Without Fear By zpktmm